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Morse Code Transceiver using Arduino Nano and NRF24L01
This project implements a wireless Morse code communication system using Arduino Nano and NRF24L01. Morse code encodes text as timed signals using dots and dashes, allowing messages to be transmitted through simple pulses.
The system captures button input, converts it into Morse code, transmits it wirelessly, and displays the decoded text on an OLED screen. It also demonstrates how the NRF24L01 transceiver operates, including SPI-based communication, packet transmission, and switching between transmitter and receiver modes for real-time data exchange.
Power source: 3.7V battery pack to power Arduino Nano
About Components
NRF24L01
The NRF24L01 is a low-power wireless transceiver module designed for short-range communication between microcontrollers. It operates in the 2.4GHz ISM band and enables reliable data transmission using SPI communication.
This module functions as both a transmitter and receiver (transceiver), allowing two identical systems to communicate with each other.
Features and Specifications
Operating Voltage: 1.9V to 3.6V (typically 3.3V)
Current Consumption: Low power (varies with mode)
Frequency Band: 2.4GHz ISM band
Data Rate: 250 kbps, 1 Mbps, or 2 Mbps
Communication Protocol: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
Range: Up to ~100 meters (line-of-sight)
Output Power: Programmable (−18 dBm to 0 dBm)
Multi-node Capability: Supports multiple devices using addressing system
OLED Display Module
The OLED display module is used to present real-time information such as transmitted and received Morse code. It uses organic light-emitting diodes, allowing high contrast, low power consumption, and clear visibility without backlighting.
It communicates with the microcontroller using the I2C protocol, reducing wiring complexity.
Features and Specifications
Operating Voltage: 3.3V to 5V
Communication: I2C (SDA, SCL)
Display Size: Typically 0.96 inch
Resolution: 128 × 64 pixels
Power Consumption: Very low
Visibility: High contrast, wide viewing angle
Push Buttons
Push buttons provide user input for controlling the system. In this project, they are used to input Morse code and switch between transmission and reception modes.
Features and Specifications
Type: Momentary tactile switch
Operation: Normally open (NO)
Voltage Rating: Suitable for low-voltage circuits (3.3V–5V)
Interface: Digital input to microcontroller
Debouncing: May require software handling to avoid false triggers
Why Arduino Nano is Used?
Small size makes the project compact and portable
Low cost and easily available
Supports SPI communication required for NRF24L01
Enough pins to connect buttons, display, and module
Easy to program using Arduino IDE, suitable for all levels
if (millis() - lastRxTime > 3000) {
rxText[0] = '\0'; // clears old message after 3 s
}
Clears old message after some time
Result
The implemented system successfully transmits and receives Morse code wirelessly using the NRF24L01, providing real-time communication between two modules. The OLED display module effectively displays the encoded and decoded messages, ensuring clear and accurate visual feedback.
Real-Life Applications
Short-Range Wireless Communication — Enables simple data exchange between two devices without internet or cellular networks.
Emergency Signaling Systems — Morse code provides a reliable backup communication method during network failures or disaster situations.
Learning and Educational Tool — Helps understand wireless communication, signal encoding/decoding, and embedded system design.
Secure Basic Communication — Morse-based input adds a layer of abstraction, making casual interception less intuitive.
Remote Control Systems — Can be adapted to send command signals wirelessly for controlling devices.
Low-Power Communication Devices — Suitable for battery-operated systems where efficient power usage is required.